Table cuatro Pairwise D
Pairwise comparison of Dest among V. destructor variants infesting A. cerana and A. mellifera colonies revealed significant differences after correction for multiple comparisons (Table 4). The Dest values among V. destructor K variants infesting A. cerana were moderate to high, ranging between 0.18 and 0.63. The estimates among V. destructor K and C variants infesting A. cerana and the variant infesting A. mellifera were higher overall, ranging between 0.60 and 0.89. J2-1 showed the highest pairwise Dest values when combined with most variants. 91).
est analysis among V. destructor variants infesting A. mellifera and A. cerana colonies. Cell background color from blue to red correlates with increasing Dest estimate values. *** P < 0.001
Varroa destructor breeding
Mites amassed regarding A great. cerana from the Hangzhou region and you can utilized experimentally so you can infest worker and you may drone brood cells from each other host kinds belonged in order to variants K1-1/2, K1-step 3, K1-5, K1-six, and you can K1-eight. The newest estimated quantity of variants in this field are seven, with a great 95% trust interval of (six.step 1, 19.6) to the several fullness estimators computed (for facts, pick Desk S8). More foundresses was basically rich (81–100%, indicate ± s.d = 92.step one ± seven.8%) whenever put-on An excellent. cerana drone brood, however, only a 3rd of them achieved reproductive profits (we.age., put one or more mated daughter) (Fig. 6). Only one out of 100 as well as 2 of 119 recreated to your other brood products, we.elizabeth., on the staff member brood off An excellent. cerana and you can A. mellifera, respectively. One of those around three mites delivered a viable child (Fig. 6a). The fresh haplotype of those around three some one try defined as K1-1/dos, and you will microsatellite analysis revealed that such mites belonged on the invasive mite people infesting An excellent. mellifera (Figs. 4, 5).
Percentage of Varroa destructor foundress mites in the place of with reproductive victory once experimental infestation off a member of staff and you may b drone brood out-of Apis cerana and you may Apis mellifera. The original machine species of mites gathered having fresh infestation and you will the fresh machine species experimentally plagued are conveyed to the left from brand new pubs. Amount of people and you will territories plagued is indicated on the right
More mites (58–84%, mean ± s.d = 68.six ± a dozen.2%) built-up inside An effective. mellifera colonies was basically rich when put-on brood away from one another host varieties and you can both men and women, having ranging from twenty five and you may 40% achieving reproductive victory (Fig. 6). Two mites built-up out of A good. mellifera was in fact defined as K1-5 variants (Figs. 4, 5). This type of mites failed to chat avenue reproduce (Fig. 6a). The five mites utilized in a keen atypical host was in fact excluded regarding the brand new dataset to possess acting reproductive triumph.
Lack instead of thickness out-of reproductive victory try most useful modeled when in addition to elements of your own completely new server kinds and you can machine species to your that your mites was basically experimentally produced. One another factors impacted reproductive failure rather (Desk S9). If the communications ranging from this type of things was thought, the fresh new reproductive success of A. cerana mites was much less constant whenever infesting both machines opposed in order to A good. mellifera mites (Table S9). The probability of effective breeding of An effective. mellifera mites are all the way down on the A good. mellifera than simply into completely new server, A beneficial. cerana. In A beneficial. cerana mites, victory was unlikely with the Good. mellifera machines than just to the An excellent. cerana hosts. About only circumstances where reproductive victory is actually achieved (by the mites coming from A. mellifera throughout types of brood and by An excellent. cerana mites from inside the A great. cerana drone brood), the fresh new ratio out-of foundresses achieving success is actually most useful modeled because of the factor regarding server species infested. A notably greater ratio away from mites reached profits into the A good. mellifera machines versus An excellent. cerana machines.
