The brand new cousin fixed consequences determine 65% of your version for the education within decide to try
gt which capture the differences between groups g at time-wave t. We specify two main groups – provinces and villages. The individuals in our sample span 20 provinces and over 1600 villages. Footnote 9 Including these fixed effects in the estimation controls for unobserved differences between, say, villages that influence the outcome variables. For example, access to formal employment may be lower in some villages than others. If more people who were married early live in such villages, then not controlling for which village the respondents live in will confound the effect of early marriage and the probability of having a formal job. We also interact those groups with the time the survey was conducted to account for differential time trends across provinces or villages. By using village fixed effects we are comparing individuals who marry early with those who do not but who live in the same village, and therefore are exposed to similar conditions, like traditions, culture and institutional settings. As people within a village are exposed to more similar conditions than people within a province, village fixed effects are likely to control more effectively for differences across individuals than province fixed effects. The inclusion of village fixed effects however comes at the cost of statistical power (as the coefficients are estimated off the more limited within-village variation).
Within decide to try there are 676 siblings, of whom 302 were ple (because they come from children in which one girl are married early) has fathers having significantly down educational attainment, are more inclined to become Muslim, and therefore are prone to inhabit outlying elements
When we explore the latest the amount to which state and you may town fixed outcomes take variations in social and you may economic disadvantage because of the exploring the ability to determine version into the instructional attainment, we find the town fixed consequences describe more than 30% from the adaptation, much more than the step 3% said because of the province repaired outcomes. A lot of the adaptation are but not contained in this towns.
I very first expose estimations one to manage having state*time-trend FE and then community*time-wave FE. I next go a step next because of the presenting performance in which i guess aunt fixed effects activities the spot where the coefficients try estimated from comparisons out of sisters, one of just who got https://kissbrides.com/azerbaijan-women/shaki/ married early together with almost every other exactly who performed maybe not. So it testing control for all household members characteristics, each other observable and you can unobservable, knowledgeable of the sisters elizabeth.g., relatives history. That it although not cuts down on brand new take to. This type of email address details are hence best-read as being applicable so you can domiciles from significantly more conservative minimizing socio-economic properties. Footnote ten
Finally, ?ihvt is an error term. We cluster the standard errors at the village ? time-wave level to account for correlation in the errors between individuals in the same village at a given time. For the sister fixed effects estimation we cluster the standard errors at the sister ? time-wave level. We estimate Eq. 1 separately for men and women. Footnote 11
where ChYihvt are the child outcomes (medically supervised birth, having a birth certificate, infant mortality, anthropometric z-scores, underweight and stunting for children under the age of 5, cognitive development tests for those aged 7 to 14, educational attainment for those aged over 18). As in Eq. 1, we control for contemporaneous mother and household characteristics (Xihvt), characteristics of the household in which the mother lived when she was 12 years old (MotherHChhv) and children’s own characteristics such as gender and age (Chihvt). We use an identical fixed effects strategy as in Eq. (1) and present province ? time-wave, village ? time-wave and, where possible, sisters ? time-wave fixed effects results.
